USDA standard design roller gin crank leg as used on Government research roller gins across the cotton belt.
At Phoenix, Arizona, about 1932, L. A. Brewster, Master Mechanic for the Western Cotton Products Company, devised ball bearing eccentrics and all metal crank legs for their roller gin stands. Micarta. wedges were used in the wrist pin bearings for the moving knives. The Brewster design, with dimensions as given by Brewster to the U. S. Department of Agriculture Cotton Ginning Research Laboratories, are shown in figure 32.
From 1938 to 1944 there was an increased interest in roller ginning in the Southwestern states to such an extent that the art of roller ginning received an impetus in improved designs and equipment.
Overhead cleaning, extracting, and drying equipment began to be used rather extensively. Pneumatic elevator droppers, inherited from saw ginning days of yore, were frequently used in handling seed cotton from.the trucks or
storage to the overhead machinery because they were of ample capacity for roller gins and were simple to maintain.
In Governmental research one of the Ginning Laboratory machinists, Ray C. Young, now mechanical engineer at the Southern Regional Research Laboratory at New Orleans, devised a special selflubricating roller gin crank leg, part of which is delineated in figure 33. Young also devised a well-housed splash lubricating system and housing for the main bearings of the roller gin stands.
New designs of improved roller gins were brought out during this era by two United States firms, one being a standard 40-inch unit and the other a 54-inch stand. Figure 34 gives two diagrams of the crank, roller, and other drives used in the 40-inch Streun-H.E. gin s tand.
In order to eliminate some of the troubles attendant to the reciprocating moving knife, the Foss double 60-inch roller gin was provided with a link motion as diagrammed in figure 35.
Diagram of the moving knife links and drives of the Foss Sea Island Cotton Gins; A, old style system, and B, the improved method.
In 1941 when interest became greatly renewed in roller ginning, the late John Strewn of Sherman, Texas, developed a commercial roller ginning unit at the Hardwicke-Etter Company's factories and made use of a master eccentric and rocker arms in order to obtain a sturdy moving knife mechanism and other elements. Their present Chief Engineer, Dick Shelburne, contributed materially to the designs and improvements, all as indicated in figure 34.
British roller ginning manufacturers also made marked construction improvements in their gin stands. One, for example, was that of the Platt Bros. Co., from whose catalog the fig. 36 has been here shown, with acknowledgment to that firm.
Double roller gins, other than the American Foss, have usually em-
ployed somewhat different methods of rocking their central assemblies of combined knives and grids so that both rollers are in constant operation. A. catalog illustration of this taken fromliterature on the Middleton British-made gin that was purchased by the Department of Agriculture for experimental tests is shown in fig. 37.
Catalog diagram of partial section through the Middleton double roller cotton gin now at Mesilla Park, New Mexico.
In research tests of 1942 at Stoneville, Mississippi, Dr. Waldo H. KLieve r success fully demonstrated the possibilities of operating moving knives by means of electric solenoids.
Since the revival of roller ginning in the United States during the early forties, roller-gining construction has 'been materially improved by the adoption of ball and roller bearing eccentrics, direct drives, or better rocker arm devices, and other elements slachas controlled feeders and the like.
Ginning roller construction differs from one part of the world to another because each cotton growing region seems to have different makes of roller gins and local covering materials of their own for the rollers.
Prior to 1940 in this country, most of the ginning rollers were covered with walrus hide which is imported. from England and is quite expensive. The three most common forms of roller gin coverings used in the U. S. are shown in figure 38, which also depicts the construction of the wooden core that is bolted to the driving shaft. These types of
construction and coverings have
been fully tested at the Ginning
Research Laboratories. Both the spool and spiral types of windings are well known, but leather or composition disks have not been so widely used in this country.
In March 1941, the Department released a report, ACE No. 85. 1/ which was authored by Townsend, Walton, Baggette, and Martin of the Stoneville Staffs and which afforded veryvaluable information pertaining to optimum methods of ginning roller covering. prior to that time the Laboratory had promoted the use of composition packings that comprised multiple plies of heavy cotton, canvas, and rubber cut into rectangular strips of from 5/8- to 7/8-inch working depths when attached to the wooden cores of the rollers. Black rubber was at first used but some stains resulted from it, and white rubber then came into use This type of covering has proved to be more economical and uniform than walrus hide, and the use of the latter has subsequently dwindled. The subject release, ACE 85, "Development of Roller Covering 1/ -- Out of print.
for Roller Cotton Gins, " is here reproduced, with illustrations renumbered to maintain sequence and other minor changes.
NEW METHOD OF COVERING ROLLERS (ACE No. 85)
Since the roller gin has been in use, walrus hide and many kinds of composition including rubber packing have been used as a covering on the roller of the roller gin. Of these, walrus hide has proven most satisfactory but has been found short-lived and recently very expensive. Efforts to find a longer-lived and more economical material which would do equally good or better ginning have been carried on for some time. Recently an improved method of using rubber packing for covering the roller has been devised.
When the Pima Egyptian cotton was first planted in the Salt River Valley of Arizona, the walrus roller covering was used there exclusively, but the ginners found that the life of this covering was very short, making ginning too expensive.
About 1900, a roller with a strip of friction paper inserted between the strips of walrus hide was shipped to the Valley. This combination doubled the life of the roller, and the Pima Seed Association at Tempe and other ginners in Arizona used this roller for a number of years. About 1918 the paper was replaced by a wider strip of rubber packing which reduced the amount of walrus hide, making the roller less expensive and easier to build, but more susceptible to backlash. 2. /
During the past 10 or 12 years the Arizona ginners have been trying to use an all-packing roller, but the backlashing on this sort of roller prevented satisfactory operation. Static electricity was causing most of the trouble. Two of the all-packing rollers have been used on the gins in Florida for sea-island cotton. By using the slow speed "doffer" to take the lint from the roller excellent results have been obtained there. The "doffer" not only prevents baciclashing, but it straightens the fibers and gives smoother ginned lint. 3. /
On account of the static, this "doffer" cannot be used satisfactorily in Arizona or any hot dry climate as the flaps on the "doffer" take the static from. the roller, causing some of the lint to stick to and be carried under the roller and then dropped into the seed. Therefore, it is necessary to devise some means to place a small amount of moisture on the bottom side of the roller, just enough to dampen the surface but not enough to wet the fabric. Any ginner knows that a damp cloth held on a roller for a few seconds will stop backlashing promptly. Not only will the moisture stop the backlashing, but it will allow a
2. / See multilithed report, "Roller-gin Construction, Maintenance, and Operation. " August, 1940
3. / See multilithed report, "Roller-gin Construction , Maintenance, and Operations".
continuous bat of cotton to come over the rollers; and then, when the bat is taken off by the "doffer", the grade is improved and ginning capacity increased.
If the "doffer" is to be used under present installation conditions, most of the existing roller gins would have to be raised about 24 inches from the floor to, allow the ginned cotton to remain under the gin until a sufficient amount collects to make one charge for the press. If this is not done, the' lint will have to be moved too often to be practicable, or the "doffer" would accumulate the lint under the roller and thus cause backlashing.
Since walrus leather is costly and difficult to obtain, the industry has reached the point where it is imperative to replace it with some other material. Indications are that the rubber packing when properly used is the best and most economical substitute.
On account of this need for a substitute for standard walrus leather
1 covering for gin rollers, a number of different makes of rubber pacicings have been tried out at the U. S. Cotton Ginning Laboratory. The results indicate that two of these packings can be used successfully and that as much or more cotton can be ginned per day with them as is ginned on the walrus covering The tests also indicate that the packing costing about half as much will last longer than the walrus leather.
Both of these packings can be obtained commercially at any time and in any quantity, the price ranging from 50 cents to 75 cents per pound, depending on the quantity purchased. Both of these packings are 5/8-inch thick by 5/8-inch wide, but the manufacturers will cut the material to any other width desired and, no doubt, they will make it in any thickness. A packing 3/4- inch x 3/4-inch may be preferable as fewer strips could be used, and the extra thickness on the roller would insure a longer life to the roller.
When using this packing for roller covering, the most important thing to consider is the method of attaching it to the roller. At present the usual method with all packing is to "spool wind" and since this is the quickest and easiest way, it is used by some of the ginners who are trying it out. However, the Laboratory (Stoneville) has found that "spool - winding" is not the best method for several reasons. The pressure which the roller gin's "fixed" knife exerts against the roller produces extreme heat, which tends to soften the rubber in the fabric, after which the constant pressure which is lengthwise on the strips will cause them to stretch and become loose from the stock. When this occurs the strip may bulge and be torn from the roller by the moving knife, or at least be lumpy and irregular. It has also been observed that when the packing encircles the roller, the knife is directlyin contact with the rubber which is between the layers of fabric, causing considerable backlashing, and at the same time making the roller difficult to "break in".
After several methods of attaching the packing to the roller had been tried, the most satisfactory one found was to make one turn per full length on
ti4c Toper, which places the packing almost at right angles to the knife so that the pressure of the knife is against the side of the strip; and as each strip is backed up by another strip, it cannot be stretched lengthwise as is the case in "spool-winding". Also, when the knife is in this position, it tends to push the fabric over the rubber and prevents sticky rubber from coming in contact with the lint, thereby reducing the bacld.ash.
Although there are enough good reasons for using the "one-turn" method of attaching the packing to a roller, "spool-winding" will undoubtedly be practiced by those ginners and gin manufacturers who need the easier and quicker methods, because the "one-turn" requires more time and skill to do a good job. However, if the "spool-winding" method is used, it is suggested that the strip be stretched tightly on the stock and that a lot of glue be placed under the. strip. Also, the wood pegs should be driven through the strip into the stock every three or four inches. This will help to hold the packing on the roller should it tend to stretch and become loose.
A packing roller will gin as much or more cotton per day than will, the walrus leather or half-and-half combination, but in order to do so, and at the same time obtain good ginned lint, it is necessary to cut V-shaped grooves on the surface of the roller. These grooves should make one diagonal turn and should be spaced from 1-1/2 to 2 inches apart, about 1/8-inch deep and 3/16- inch wide. The purpose of these grooves is two-fold; namely, they prevent abortive seeds and motes from sticking under the knife; and they provide place for the fiber to enter readily under the knife, assuring a constant flow of fiber over the roller, thereby increasing production.
Some ginners claim that it is not necessary to groove a roller and assert that if the knife is set below the center of the roller the lower edge will gap or open sufficiently to allow the abortive seeds and motes to pass under and be carried over with the lint. This maybe quite true if all the working parts of the gin would remain in the same position after they have been set, but there is a constant wearing of both the roller and knife which must change the vertical position of the knife and cause the gap to close and the knife to rest tightly against the roller. It is also true that the knife may be opened too much when setting and thereby cut or chip the seeds.
To meet this covering and grooving problem, a packing roller designated as a "semi-self-grooving-roller." has been designed and developed at the U. S. Cotton Ginning Laboratory. This roller is constructed with a strip of 3/16-inch to 1/4-inch leather belt between every two strips of packing; and since the leather is softer than the packing, it will wear down faster thanthe packing; and its surface will stay just below the packing surface, thereby serving as a groove to clear the knife of abortive seeds and motes, or other foreign matter which may be in the seed cotton. Refer to drawing, fig. 39a.
Two of these rollers were operated intermittently for four weeks on a
sea-island gin In Florida, each roller ginning approximately 70 bales before it was necessary to open the grooves, which was quickly done by cutting out a small piece of the leather strip. These leather strips, alternating with the packing, are spaced just the proper distance apart and the soft leather makes an ideal place for grooving and can be easily and quickly cut with a parting chisel. An important fact is that this method of grooving leaves the surface of the roller smooth, in which condition it remains until worn out. This leather strip method of grooving does not cause any extra wearing of the roller as in the case when the roller is grooved across the strips on the surface.
It is important to understand the proper construction of the wood core or roller "stock" to which the packing is attached. In some gin plants a number of rollers have been laid aside, which if properly constructed, had sufficient packing left on them to gin forty or fifty more bales. These rollers were discarded on account of a loose spindle or mashing on the ends, which caused the roller to wabble. If a little more time and care were spent in constructing a roller "stock", it would save both money and time later when the roller is needed most.
Specifications for building a roller "stock" have been released by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. 4. / This stock should be built of well seasoned red or black gum or any cross-grained wood that does not split. It should be fairly hard so that the spindle will, not mash the wood on the end and cause the roller to wabble. However, the ideal roller "stock", and the one which has given the best service is a black gum stock which is constructed by boring a 1-1/2-inch hole through a piece of green black gum and driving a steel shaft through the center. This rough roller with the bark still on is stored in a dry place until the wood dries and shrinks on the spindle. This drying may take three or four months before it is ready to be turned.
4. / See multilithed report, "Roller-gin Construction, Maintenance, and Operation". August, 1940:
In order that the strips of packing will lie close together on the roller, it is necessary to bevel the sides of the strips. This can be done either by grinding or by cutting down with a jack-plane. When the plane is used, the strip is stretched and nailed to a workbench having a batten fastened at the back of the strip to keep it in place. Instead of making the bevel only on one side of the strip as most do, it is suggested that both sides be beveled to make a symmetrical wedged-shaped strip.
A home-made rig (please refer to fig. 39b, page 38) can be built with which to hold the roller firmly while each strip of packing is being stretched and pushed tightly against the next one. This is very necessary when a thin strip of leather is to be inserted between the strips of packing, because the leather can be held in place, only by being squeezed between the packing strips and by being glued on the bottom where it lies upon the stock. On the left hand end of a good workbench a short 2-inch x 4-inch crosswise runner is secured to the bench, and a similar one is fastened at a spacing to allow the roller stock to lie between. Two hard wood pillow blocks are bolted to these crosswise runners, and the ends of the roller shaft are clamped in place in the blocks. A 24-inch pulley is placed on the left end of the shaft, overhanging, the workbench so that the roller can be pulled forward against the friction of. the clamped boxes as the work proceeds. On the bench in front of the roller, a lengthwise 2 x 4 is fastened down so that its top is level with the center line of the roller and kept about 1-1/2-inches from the stocks. On top of the 2 x 4 is placed a hard wood 3/4-inch by 2-inch batten whose back edge is flush with that of the 2 x 4. The batten may be screwed or bolted to the 2 x 4. A hand-tool hard wood block, 3/4-inch x 2-inch x 4-inch should be made, having one end slanting to fit the curve of the covering strips on the roller and the other end square to rest against the batten. This hand tool is used to push each strip tightly against the one which has been previously placed upon the roller stock.
The roller is laid off for the first strip by driving small nails part way in at each end of the roller, both being inn line parallel to the shaft. A string is tied to one nail and passed around the roller to the other nail, making one complete spiral turn. A marking line is then drawn along the string and the string is removed. This line is the position of the first strip. Al-inch' glue brush is used to paint a band of glue along the line for the first strip and. to apply glue for the succeeding strips. A strip of packing is started by driving a 6d common nail through the end of the strip at the end of the roller, stretching the strip along the line until it reaches the other end of the roller and fastening it with another nail, then starting at the first end and driving a nail every three or four inches along the strip. After two strips of packing have been attached, the leather strip is then placed, alongside the packing and held in place by driving a small nail in each end. Then a' strip of packing is started at the left end of the roller by placing the angled end of the push block against the packing and the other end against the hard wood batten, and by pulling the roller forward, the packing and leather strip are forced tightly
against the two strips which are on the roller. This is followed by another strip of packing which is pressed on in the same way and after two of these have been attached, another leather strip is used. This procedure is repeated until the roller is covered.
The following table give the relative quantities and costs of different methods of covering rollers for roller gins and shows that the new packing-belting roller covering is inexpensive as compared to any form using walrus leather.
Note: 6d common nails, glue, and hardwood pegs are also needed, but the amount of these materials required will be the same regardless of the type of roller covering shown here. The. LIFE of 40-inch all packing covered rollers ranges from 200 to 250 bales per roller.'
Figure 40 shows an improved and more elaborate roller covering rig which is recommended for ginners having several rollers to cover. Its advantages are: (1) a uniform stretch can be secured on packing, and (2) one person is enabled to cover a roller without assistance in turning roller or stretching packing.
The first improvement is pusher "B". This was added by placing on top of the lengthwise 2 x 4 a piece of 1-1/2y 1-1/2 x 1/8-inch angle iron with one flange on the ends turned up and welded so as to form box ends through which a 5/16-inch rod is bolted. A short piece of 2 x 1 x 3/16-inch channel
iron is placed on this 5/16-inch rod so that it will slide. The flanges on the other end of this channel iron are so cut out and the back bent straight down to a right angle and on such an angle that it will fit against the packing which lies on the roller at approximately 24 degrees from the center line. On this part
The second improvement is in the method of stretching the packing by means of a clamp, cable, weight, and lever. Clamp "A" is attached to cable "C" which passes over a smallpulley and is fastenedto a weight which is free to move up and down. The arm of lever "D" is moved to the right and fixed with pin "0" raising weight and allowing clamp "A" to be slipped on packing about 6 inches from right end of roller. Pin "G" is then removed to allow the weight to exert its force on packing. The roller is then turned one revolution and packing is nailed to the right end of the roller. The arm of lever is then moved back to the right releasing the pull of the weight and the packing is cut off. The strip which has just been laid on is nailed to the roller using pusher "B" to press it firmly against the previous strip. In order to place the packing on the roller so that the strips will lie close together, it is necessary to bevel the sides of the strips. Since this is a tedious and difficult job with a jack-plane, the laboratory has developed a beveling machine as shown in fig. 41.
It consists of a coarse emery wheel, an adjustable guide, and a small wheel to press down on the packing so that it will not be displaced when the emery wheel strikes the side of the strip. The machine can be improved by placing a circular saw on one side of the emery wheel. If this is done, the packing is fed in so that it will be hit first by the saw which should be slightly smaller in diameter that the emery wheel. The saw takes off most of the material and the emery wheel finishes and gives a smooth cut. This results in faster work and less clogging of the emery wheel. The saw cannot be satis,- faetorily used alone as it leaves a rough jagged cut. A low speed is recommended because the emery wheel has a tendency to clog up and burn the material at high speeds. Satisfactory results were secured at 800 to 1000 rpm with an emery wheel of 8 inches diameter."
(End of ACE No. 85).
MISCELLANEOUS ELEMENTS IN McCARTHY ROLLER GINS
Auxiliary elements in McCarthy-type roller gins have not shown much change during the years except in the case of the doffers which have largely changed from stationary to rotary types. The 1900 form of the McCarthy, gin, as previously described in fig. 9, utilized a drag form of doffer to clear the ginned fiber from the roller and to prevent carryover. Brush sticks from saw gins were later used on some roller gins in lieu of the drags, and in the work of the late James S. Townsend the Department developed a rotary doffer short-
ly prior to 193.0 which was later improved somewhat by him at Stoneville, Mississippi, and is shown with the brush doffer in figure 42.
Section through a current single roller McCarthy type gin, with types of doffers used in the United States at present; A, the cross-section of the stand whose well known elements need no special nomenclature; B, brush type doffer; and C, rotary wiping type doffer which uses soft rubber or composition blades.,
It will be noted in the section that the pusher board has its own reciprocating drive and that it rests upon a seed grid that is free to oscillate or chatter as the pusher moves to and fro. The complete details of the gin cranks and legs to the moving knife have been omitted from these details since the crank legs have previously been portrayed in figs. 31, 32, and 33. In double roller gins the seed grids are carried integrally with the moving knives and their spacings for seed discharge are arranged to suit the varieties of cotton to be ginned. Improved models of American-made cotton gins such as the present Murray and Hardwicke-Etter units provide for ample agitation of the grids to afford rapid shedding of the ginned seed.
Static electricity disturbances have been common to roller gins, frequently causing the ginning fiber to adhere to the ginning rollers and cause "backlash" and carryover, as well as to accumulate in objectionable clumps and wads at various points in the system.
Much research work of very creditable nature has been conducted by Physicist Clarence Leonard and associates at the Department's Southwestern Cotton Ginning Research Laboratory in Mesilla Park, New Mexico, from 1952 to date. The findings have been extensive and have been officially released so that no attempt will here be made to do other than make brief note of some of the factors.
To obtain good doffing from the ginning rollers, it has been found that high potential static eliminator bars, such as are used in the textile industry, afford a means of counteracting and overcoming static. Such bars are placed paralleltoand slightlyabove the ginning roller so as to create an ionized area adjacent to the roller without obstructing the flow of the lint, but very careful adjustments must be made in order to obtain satisfactory operation. In the arid and irrigated regions of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, these bars have proved to be somewhat effective, although not widely used These bars have also been used at the lint slide of the condensers in saw gins with varying success.
A second method of static elimination has been that of moisture application by water mists or steam vapor. The Department's Research Cotton Ginning Laboratories conducted many tests in the late thirties with various spray nozzles, atomizers, and other moisture applications across the Cotton Belt and their effectiveness was well demonstrated. Dr. Earl. Heard, nowa leader in the Cotton Textile Research in the Southeastern States, rendered a very valuable service to the cotton industry inhis work while he was in charge of the Textile Department of the Texas Technological College at Lubbock, Tex. His cooperation with the Department of Agriculture Staff of the Stoneville, Lab- oratory is cheerfully recognized and appreciated.
A steam vapor application to roller gins, as a typical example of this
form of static counteractant is shown in fig. 43. In the experiments of the Department, Dr. Heard and several ginning manufacturers it was found that where a relative humidity of the atmosphere within the roller cotton gin buildings could be maintained at 45 percent or more, the static disturbances were generally eliminated. To that end the use of moisture mist nozzles, damp filters at air intakes and windows, spraying nozzles on suction telescopes as the cotton was drawn from the trucks and trailers, and even sprays at the overflow bins were employed.
The power necessary for compression of the ginned lint into bales was found to vary inversely with the moisture content of the ginned lint, and after many field tests by the research staffs of.the Department's cotton ginning investigations, a standardized method of applying approved wetting agent solution on the cotton lint slides to the press was developed by the Laboratories. These, when correctly operated, added not more than four
pounds of moisture to the bale, but the abuse of this beneficial system, as perverted by greedy individuals who wanted to sell water, has caused considerable controversy.
As of the present time, 1958, the roller ginner is well acquainted with the methods for static elimination, roller moistening by vapor and air conditioning requirements in the cotton gin building.
Leonard's findings in regard to the grounding of the moving and stationary parts of cotton gins have also been of great benefit to the industry in reducing insurance costs.
At the Southwestern Cotton Ginning Research Laboratory of the Department a comprehensive setup of the roller ginning equipment is maintained for experimental and research activities. The diagram of arrangement of the machinery is, in part in fig. 44, here shown to give a clearer picture of the
machinery combinations. These are now generally accepted systems in the roller ginning industry.
Line diagram of the roller cotton ginning research setup at Mesilla Park, New Mexico, for research studies in drying, cleaning, and extracting prior to roller ginning, and lint cleaning immediately thereafter.
Artificial drying of long staple seed cottons for roller ginning in the SouthwesternStates of Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas, between 1932and1940 was principally and infrequently accomplished by warm air blown across a down discharge screened chute that conveyed seed cotton from distributors to the ginning feeders. After 1940 the increasing use of Government-type vertical cotton driers in saw gins also spread to roller gins, since whichtime they have become familiar to the entire cotton industry of this nation.
The feeders now used by modern roller gins in these states and in the Southeastern States of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida are of the type known as cleaner-extractor-feeders that are provided with feed regulation suitable to roller gins. Many such installations have employed these feeders as overhead platforms for bulk handling of the cotton flow, after which it is fed to the distributors and again reduced to small supplies delivered through regulationto the gin stands. This method is also employedin the Laboratories
of the Department. Figure 45 shows a "Pima Unit" type.' of overhead deaner-
feeder-extractor.
As an alternative to full pneumatic lint handling as done at the San Carlos gin in 1942-45 by the Laboratory, the Murray Company of Texas, Inc., developed a satisfactory system that combined a lint conveying belt at floor
level below the ginning rollers, with an airblast jet to blow the lint from the belt discharge to a lint cleaner and, the condenser. In this system the lint falls from the ginning rollers in an open stream into the belt box and is then conveyed mechanically to the point of pickup where an inverted airblast nozzle receives the lint and pneumatically carries it to lint cleaner and condenser in the same manner as in saw gins.
Figure 46 is a photograph of such a combination lint belt and air jet pickup in experimental use at the Southwestern Cotton Ginning Research Laboratory.
The first known use of commercial lint cleaners on roller gins was accomplished in 1952 at the USDA Southwestern Cotton Ginning Research Laboratory. Individual tests were made with Murray air - centrifugal and with Lummus super-jet pneumatic types of lint cleaners inserted in the lint flue between pickup nozzle and suction condenser of the roller gin laboratory press.
Another commercial development in conveying ginned lint from the rollers to the press is exemplified in the 1958 model submerged lint flue system of the Community Gin Company, Glendale, Arizona. Mr. Andy O'Neal,
inventor of this system, employs a pressure nozzle and aspirator design of lint doffer to deliver to the submerged lint flue and press.
Foreign makers of McCarthy roller gins have experimented in the field of pneumatic applications to roller gins, including seed cotton handling, feeding and dust collection. From a 1936 catalog of Platt Bros. & Co. , Ltd. , of Oldham, England, given to the writer by Mr. Fred Taylor, we take the liberty of showing their drawing and our lettering on their worthwhile dust collection system as .per figure 47.
In concluding Part I of this engineering review, mention is due regarding present day roller gins which embody a number of worthwhile improvements . Some of the modern roller gins of the United States are depicted in figs. 48 • 49, and 50; and an Israeli motor-driven roller gin battery recently installed at Ramat-Hasharon, Israel, shows the roller ginning modernization.s of the mid-East.
This Israeli roller gin is housed in a cement block building, uses a single-box-up-packing press, and Mitchell Pirna Units for cleaning.
A modern Israeli roller cotton gin with individual motor drives on each gin stand, as located at Ramat-Hashar on, Israel, Courtesy of Mr. Elliot Geffen formerly of Br ooklyn, N. Y .
